YouÔÇÖre likely concerned if there are dark spots on your face. ItÔÇÖs caused by hyperpigmentation, the overproduction of melanin. Melasma, excessive sun exposure, inflammation or wounds, some skin products, and medication can alter the even tone of your skin.
They occur in parts of the body that are exposed to the sun. Dark spots donÔÇÖt hurt, but you can treat them by using:
Hydroquinone
Many skin-lightening products contain hydroquinone, an ingredient that regulates melanin production. Melanocytes are responsible for hyperpigmentation, and hydroquinone should be applied generously to decrease the amount present in your body.
Because hydroquinone inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing melanin production, this brightening ingredient is at the fore for hyperpigmentation treatments.
Apply generously to the dark spots and surrounding area; avoid spot treating.
Retinoids
Retinoids accelerate skin cell turnover, which provides fresh skin to cover the dark blemishes. By hampering collagen breakdown and thickening the skin, the appearance of dark spots reduces. It also exfoliates your skin.
However, retinol can cause dryness and redness, particularly during the first few weeks of use. You should apply it for several months before noticeable changes will occur.
Alpha hydroxy acids
These are organic acids that can be animal or plant-based. TheyÔÇÖre used to brighten the skin, improve collagen production and blood flow, and correct discolorations caused by age or scars.
Citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and hydroxycaprylic acid are sources of alpha-hydroxy acids. The anti-inflammatory properties, combined with the antioxidants in AHAs, increase blood flow to the affected area, thereby accelerating skin healing.
The hyperpigmented area becomes lighter and dark spots reduce by creating new skin cells.
Glycolic acid
Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid and is one of your best options for clearing dark spots. ItÔÇÖs suitable for all skin types, provided itÔÇÖs not being overused. However, if your skin is more acne-prone, you should probably consider salicylic acid.
The skin retains dead cells because of a glue that glycolic acid melts away, making room for brighter and better skin development. The stimulation of collagen growth is also a noticeable benefit of glycolic acid.
Kojic acid
If youÔÇÖre familiar with your skincare routine, you must have come across kojic acid ÔÇô itÔÇÖs one of the more popular ingredients used to brighten the skin. It inhibits the formation of tyrosine, an essential substance for hormone synthesis.
The appearance of dark spots and other discolorations can be controlled by using kojic acid. Because it regulates melanin production, your body may be unable to secrete enough to protect your skin from sunburn. So, itÔÇÖs best to invest in sunburn treatment if youÔÇÖll be using kojic acid for your dark spots.
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is an excellent alternative for acne-prone skin. ItÔÇÖs a peeling agent that causes the shedding of the outer layer when applied. Its anti-inflammatory effects whiten the skin and improve skin pigmentation.
Unlike some AHAs, salicylic acid is a predictable and safe acid that doesnÔÇÖt trigger post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.